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Chapter 22
Main-Group Elements I: Metals
 
 
 
Movie
Title
 p 873-3
Caption
 Flame tests illustrate the emission of light by metals
Notes
 Flame tests for metals. When a metal is placed in a flame it absorbs energy causing its electrons to be promoted to higher energy levels. The characteristic colors observed result from the energy released as the electrons fall to lower energy levels. The frequency of the emitted light depends on the differences in energy between the energy levels of the specific metal. Li produces a red flame, Na produces a yellow flame, and K produces a blue flame.
Movie
Title
 p 1126-3
Caption
 Surfactant molecules form micelles in water and associate with oil droplets to remove them from clothing.
Notes
 Surfactant molecules. A surfactant molecule has a hydrophobic (nonpolar) tail and a hydrophilic (polar) head. In water surfactants form micelles (clusters of surfactant molecules) in which the hydrophobic tails interact with each other in the middle and the hydrophobic heads interact with water on the surface. If an oil droplet is present the hydrophobic tail of the surfactant is embedded in the oil and the polar group is in contact with water.
Movie
Title
 p 890-3
Caption
 The reaction between Al and Br2 to form AlBr3 is demonstrated.
Notes
 Formation of Aluminum Bromide. When Al is placed on the surface of Br2 an exothermic reaction occurs. The Al is oxidized to Al3+ by the Br2, which is reduced to Br- ions. The ionic product, AlBr3, can be observed on the watch glass after the reaction.
Movie
Title
 movie
Caption
 The reactions of metallic sodium and potassium with water are demonstrated.
Notes
 When a small piece of Na is added to a solution containing an indicator, evidence of the reaction can be observed by the change in the color of the solution as NaOH is formed, by the melting of the Na and by the movement of the Na caused by formation of hydrogen gas. K is more reactive than Na as demonstrated by its reaction with water. This reaction produces enough heat to ignite the H2 produced.
Movie
Title
 movie
Caption
 The exothermic reaction between Fe2O3 and aluminum is demonstrated.
Notes
 In the thermite reaction, Al reduces Fe2O3 to Fe in an extremely exothermic reaction in which Al is oxidized to Al2O3. The reaction produces enough heat to melt the iron. Because of the extreme heat produced in the thermite reaction, it is used industrially to weld iron.
22.0.2UN
Title
 p 873-1a
Caption
  
Notes
 Cutting metallic sodium. Note that the sodium, an active metal, is covered with a thick oxide coating.
22.1
Title
 22-1
Caption
 hydration of a Li+ ion
Notes
 hydration of a Li+ ion
22.1.1UN
Title
 p 876-1
Caption
 xray photo of artificial pacemaker
Notes
 xray photo of artificial pacemaker
22.2
Title
 22-2
Caption
  
Notes
 Preparation of sodium compounds.
22.2.1UN
Title
 p 877-1a
Caption
 sea salt stacks
Notes
 sea salt stacks
22.3
Title
 22-3
Caption
  
Notes
 Diagonal relationships.
22.4
Title
 22-4
Caption
  
Notes
 The Solvay process for the manufacture of NaHCO3.
22.4.1UN
Title
 p 879-1a
Caption
 oxide ion, peroxide ion, superoxide ionsodium sulfate process
Notes
 sodium sulfate process
22.4.2UN
Title
 p 880-1
Caption
 palmitic acid, sodium palmitate (a soap)
Notes
 palmitic acid, sodium palmitate (a soap)
22.5.1UN
Title
 p 881-1a
Caption
 photo of beryl- a bright green crystal
Notes
 photo of beryl- a bright green crystal
22.5
Title
 22-5
Caption
 structure o fa detergent molecule and it's cleaning action
Notes
 structure o fa detergent molecule and it's cleaning action
22.6
Title
 22-6
Caption
 covalent bonds in BeCl2
Notes
 covalent bonds in BeCl2
22.7
Title
 22-7
Caption
 the Dow process for the production of Mg
Notes
 the Dow process for the production of Mg
22.8
Title
 22-8
Caption
 electrolysis of molten MgCl2
Notes
 electrolysis of molten MgCl2
22.8.1UN
Title
 p 885-1
Caption
  
Notes
 The decomposition (calcination) of limestone is carried out in a long rotary kiln, whether for the production of quicklime, CaO, or the manufacture of Portland cement.
22.9
Title
 22-9
Caption
  
Notes
 Stalactites and stalagmites in Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico.
22.9.2UN
Title
 p 887-1
Caption
 limescale in a domestic metal pipe
Notes
 limescale in a domestic metal pipe
22.9.3UN
Title
 p 887-1a
Caption
  
Notes
 A sodium soap is added to soft (distilled) water (left) and hard water (right).
22.10C
Title
 22-10
Caption
 ion exchange process
Notes
 ion exchange process
22.11C
Title
 22-11
Caption
 three photos of beakers to show purifying bauxite
Notes
 three photos of beakers to show purifying bauxite
22.12
Title
 22-12
Caption
 electrolysis cel for aluminum production
Notes
 electrolysis cel for aluminum production
22.13.1UN
Title
 p 893-1a
Caption
 AlCl3 is the Lewis acid and diethyl ether is the Lewis base
Notes
 AlCl3 is the Lewis acid and diethyl ether is the Lewis base
22.13
Title
 22-13
Caption
 bonding in Al2Cl6
Notes
 bonding in Al2Cl6
22.13.2UN
Title
 p 894-1
Caption
 photo of anodized aluminum cups
Notes
 photo of anodized aluminum cups
22.13.3UN
Title
 p 895-1
Caption
 potassium alum crystals
Notes
 potassium alum crystals
22.14
Title
 22-14
Caption
 graph comparing lead in gasoline and in blood
Notes
 graph comparing lead in gasoline and in blood
22.14.1UN
Title
 p 898-1
Caption
  
Notes
 Solar cells employing gallium arsenide (gold and red) placed on a silicon-based solar cell.
22.14.2UN
Title
 p 901-1
Caption
 review question 25
Notes
 review question 25
22.14.3UN
Title
 p 904-1
Caption
 Lake Mono in California
Notes
 Lake Mono in California
p 888-1a
Title
 p 888-1a
Caption
  
Notes
 molecular zoom art
p 888-1b
Title
 p 888-1b
Caption
  
Notes
 molecular zoom art
p 981-1a
Title
 p 981-1a
Caption
  
Notes
 Purifying bauxite.
p 981-1b
Title
 p 981-1b
Caption
  
Notes
 Purifying bauxite.
p 981-1c
Title
 p 981-1c
Caption
  
Notes
 Purifying bauxite.
p 873-1
Title
 p 873-1
Caption
  
Notes
 photo of spodumene from Afghanistan
p 886-1
Title
 p 886-1
Caption
  
Notes
 plaster of paris/ white city buildings at Chicago World's Fair, 1893
p 888-1c
Title
 p 888-1c
Caption
  
Notes
 photo of ion exchange column with liquid being poured through it
Table 22.1
Title
 Table 22.1
Caption
  
Notes
 Group 1 elements: abundances
Table 22.2
Title
 Table 22.2
Caption
  
Notes
 Some properties of the Group 1 metals
Table 22.3
Title
 Table 22.3
Caption
  
Notes
 Group 2 elements: abandances
Table 22.4
Title
 Table 22.4
Caption
  
Notes
 Some properties of the Group 2 metals
Table 22.5
Title
 Table 22.5
Caption
  
Notes
 Some properties of the group 13 metals
Table 22.6
Title
 Table 22.6
Caption
  
Notes
 some properties of tin and lead